Case Study Greening Of Management - 1336 Words

Chapter 11: â€Å"Greening of Management† The concept of â€Å"greening of management,† describes the actions taken by managers of all levels within organizations to align their interests with environmentally-friendly interests. More specifically, it is the practice of implementing ecosystem-friendly practices in their everyday management decisions. A prime example of â€Å"green management,† can be found through the â€Å"khaki conservation† of the United Kingdom military. The UK military has utilized â€Å"recycling (practices), waste management, energy efficiency, and conservation,† when using land spaces open to the public (Fiott 2014). The actions taken towards â€Å"greening† the military lands was a management decision in reaction to the excessive pollution created through the activities of the military, in addition to the tactical decision to justify military use of areas open to the public. It was also a strategic public relations decision, because green management strategies appli ed to the Military of Defense was a response to the population’s dislike of the pollution created (Fiott 2014). In this case, the military utilized green practices like recycling and proper disposal of wastes within their everyday functions. Chapter 11: â€Å"Three Reasons Why Companies Take the Greening of Management† Like the Military of Defense decision implemented within the United Kingdom, companies choose to green their management decisions to appeal to consumers. The MoD’s decision to use environmentally-friendlyShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management : Case Study869 Words   |  4 PagesMarch 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. In order to effectively execute successful supply chain management one must acknowledge the importance of demand management, communication, collaborationRead MoreCis 517 - Case Study 11081 Words   |  5 PagesWeek 3 Case Study 1: Green Computing Research Project – Part 1 James Johnson IT Project Management – CIS 517 Dr. Howell July 31, 2012 As technology increases through massive changes it becomes apparent that the individual user must also make changes that are environmentally safe. Green IT, also known as Green Computing, is the movement towards a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective use of power and production in technology. The crux of Green IT is to double or triple theRead MoreGreen Affordable Housing Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pageshigh-performance, energy-efficient structures that improve comfort and health for resident, meanwhile, minimizing environmental impacts. Nevertheless, a common sense that green features is expensive and not suitable for affordable housing. Recent studies are showed that green buildings have a modest initial cost premium, but the long-term benefits far exceed the additional capital costs. For this report, I will introduce a financial analysis -Net Present Value (NPV), and discuss the impacts of NPVRead MorePerson-Organization Fit Theories1179 Words   |  5 Pagesagreem ent. In this study it was investigated whether CSR policies and business activities are decisive factors for prospective employees when choosing their first job. When the P-O fit works well, the employee will adjust rapidly in the organization, will be more satisfied with his/her job and eventually want to stay for a longer period in the organization (Chatman, 1989). However, when the P-O fit does not work well, dissatisfaction and de-motivation will occur. And in the worst-case scenario, theRead MoreDeveloping Sustainable Communities in Edinburghs South East Wedge1523 Words   |  6 Pages1. Deakin, M. (2003). Developing sustainable communities in Edinburghs South East Wedge: The settlement model and design solution. Journal of Urban Design 8(2): 137-148. The South East Wedge of Edinburgh is selected as a sample case study for understanding issues associated with planned urban development in sustainable communities. The South East Wedge was designed as a sustainable living area that could accommodate the citys growing population. Core features included a distinctive urban cultureRead MoreProduction Of The Automotive Industry966 Words   |  4 Pagesfive S’s, which will be standardizing. Also, this paper will also go into detail about how an automotive manufacturing company uses Single Minute Exchange Die, and some other aspects of lean manufacturing such as visual control and environmental management. Because lean manufacturing can be implemented in many different ways this paper is not to discuss that one option is better than another. However this paper will discuss how lean manufacturing has benefited the companies that have implementedRead MoreThe Best Cost Effective Stormwater Management1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe e asiest and most cost effective stormwater management has already been happening here in the metro area, which is rain barrels and rain cisterns. The Polk Soil and Water Conservation District, has fully indorsed the rain barrels and provides forms to order the rain barrels. They are the easiest and most cost efficient way for property owners to divert their stormwater runoff. The ease of Rain Barrels are that the rooftop downspouts are directed to a 55 gallon (usually) barrel that collectsRead MoreCost Effectively Retrofitting Multifamily Housing6408 Words   |  26 Pages10RQ1: What are the demographics of the green consumer? ? 12Description of Research ? 12Green Housing Consumers ? 13Green Multifamily Housing Amenities ? 14Cost Effectiveness and Benefits ? 16Retrofit Methods and Implementation Processes ? 18Case Studies ? 18ECO Modern Flats ? 20Woodhole Duplex ? 22Briarcliff Summit Apartments ? 24Analysis Limitations ? 26Conclusion ? 27References ? ? Table of Figures 21Figure 1 ECO Modern Flats Apartments (ECO Photo, 2016) ? 21Figure 2 ECO Modern Flats RainwaterRead MoreTechnological Aspects of Eco-Innovation746 Words   |  3 Pageseco-innovation, specifically the greening of the production process utilizing both simple and advanced cleaner production options that the majority of SMEs in newly-industrializing nations had consumed and disposed energy resources that contribute to the environmental degradation. Moreover, the establishment of AESIC is also to encourage sustainable production and improve management activities of SMEs that leads to green growth that includes cleaner production, sustainable management and also developmentRead MoreCis 580 Paradigmatic Software Development Term Paper2477 Words   |  10 PagesCIS 580 Paradigmatic Software Development Term Paper Aravind Thamizh Chelvan (01646372) Green IT This paper discusses the ethical and efficient usage of natural resources such that is does not affect the natural environment. Study and practice of using computer resources efficiently such that it reduces the impact on the environment. The global computing commerce has started to compete with the aviation industry in its own contribution to global warming. It is applicable in various tech domains like

Intel Corporation An American Multinational Technology...

Intel Corporation is an American multinational technology company, which is headquartered in Santa Clara, California, America. It is one of the world s largest semiconductor chip manufacturers, and ranked number 56 on the 2015 rankings of the world’s most valuable brands. Intel was founded in 1968 by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore. Intel got its name as a compound of the words integrated and electronics. In the early years, main products of Intel were SRAM and DRAM memory chips. That was the majority of its business before the year of 1981. During 1990s, Intel started to expand and invest in new microprocessor designs. And after that Intel went on the track of rapid growth in the computer industry. Then in later years, Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs, and took a lion share in the whole industry. Now Intel covers various products and services including devices systems, processors, boards kits, chipsets, solid state drives, server products, networking communications, wireless, software services. The first CEO of Intel was Robert Noyce, who founded the company in 1968, together with Gordon Moore. Andy Grove became the company s president in 1979 and added the CEO title in 1987 when Moore became chairman. In May 2012, Intel vice chairman Andy Bryant succeeded as executive chairman, who previously worked as CFO and Chief Administrative Officer at Intel. Then in 2013, Executive Vice President and COO Brian Krzanich was elected as Intel sShow MoreRelatedAn Overview of Multinational Companies4189 Words   |  17 PagesMNC’s: A corporation that has its facilities and other assets in at least one country other than its home country. Such companies have offices and/or factories in different countries and usually have a centralized head office where they co-ordinate global management. Very large multinationals have budgets that exceed those of many small countries. Sometimes referred to as a transnational corporation A multinational corporation (MNC) or multinational enterprise (MNE) is a corporation enterpriseRead MoreGlobalization and the Information Revolution1535 Words   |  7 PagesA former Intel CEO and senior advisor of Intel Corp, Andrew Grove stresses a great importance on international competition by stating ‘you have no choice but to operate in a world shaped by globalization and the information revolution. There are two options; Adapt or die’. Grove’s statement effectively conveys a great importance of competing in a global economy in order to for an organization to expand, grow, and thrive. As of late, international competition and trade surfaced as one of the mostRead MoreCompany Profile Of ï  ± People960 Words   |  4 Pages1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 COMPANY PROFILE PEOPLE GROUP: PEOPLE INTERACTIVE, PEOPLE INFOCOM AND PEOPLE PICTURE While People Group can trace its origins to the beginning of Shaadi.com in 1996, the Group was formally launched by Anupam Mittal in 2004 to explore opportunities in New Media, Information Technology, Communication and Entertainment industries. The Group operates chiefly in the consumer Internet and mobile value-added services (VAS) sectors, andRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc. Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Apple Inc. is a multinational technology company that was found in America and the headquarters are located in Cupertino, California. It makes designs, cultivates, and retails consumer computer electronics, software for computers, and provides online services. Its hardware goods include the iPhone (smartphone), the iPad (tablet computer), the Mac (personal computer), the iPod (portable media player or MP3 player), the Apple Watch (smartwatch), and the Apple TV (digital media player). Apple sRead MoreWhy do firms become multinational enterprises 2203 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Why do firms become multinational enterprises? There are multiple ways to define what is meant by the term â€Å"multinational enterprise† (MNE), most of which can be reduced to a short list of criteria summarised effectively by Franklin Root (1994). He defined an MNE as a parent company that i) engages in foreign production through its affiliates located in more than one country; ii) exercises direct control over the policies of its affiliates; and iii) implements transnational business strategiesRead MoreCorporate Entrepreneurship at Ge and Intel2827 Words   |  12 Pages2010 EABR ETLC Conference Proceedings Dublin, Ireland Corporate Entrepreneurship at GE and Intel John Zimmerman, Zayed University, U.A.E Abstract This is the first of three planned articles concerning Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE). The author is a former entrepreneur practitioner who secured an earned doctorate from Pepperdine University in 2008, and who now teaches at Zayed University in the United Arab Emirates. In this article the author explores the concept of Corporate EntrepreneurshipRead MoreForeign Direct Investment By Multinational Corporations2221 Words   |  9 Pagesdirect investment by multinational corporations would benefit developing countries. Some may argue, including the renowned artist Frida Kahlo that foreign direct investments may actually lead to a decline in culture and exploitation. However, this paper argues that the economy in developing countries could be significantly improved by properly introducing foreign direct investment by multinational corporations. Foreign direct investment (FDI) made by multinational corporations would spur the economyRea d MoreThe Term Of Emerging Market Economy2063 Words   |  9 PagesAntonie W. Van Agtmael from the international finance corporation of the World Bank in 1981. It refers to country with an underdeveloped industrial base and infrastructure but with a rapid growth rate even more than the developed countries. In addition, emerging market is often unstable in politics and institution, as well as continued demographic growth in some extent. (Tarun Khanna, 2010) Lenovo is a Chinese multinational technology company with headquarters in Beijing, China. It is the world’sRead MoreSony Corporation in the New Decade Essay2057 Words   |  9 Pageshas successfully created an incredible brand name. It is all about high-technology, innovative products and state of the art gadgets. Sony was founded after post-war of Japan 1946 by two innovative thinkers Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita, who wanted to step in the business of electronics. They setup a small facility in the bombed area in Japan by the name of â€Å"Tokyo Tsustin Kenkyujo†. Sony has also used innovation and new technology when it comes to their products. Innovation has been used as a core importantRead MoreMarketing Analysis : The Marketing Strategy Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pagesbanking, commercial banking, Citi-branded cards, and Citi retail services. Our firm analysis will focus on the Citi-branded cards segment and commercial banking in the North American market. Financial performance Over the five years to 2016, revenue is expected to decline an annualized 2.8% to $7.5 billion. The company s North American consumer banking segment performed well in 2014 due to rising loan balances. However, revenues have declined in recent years as a result of increasing acquisition and

Free Assignment Sample on e-business Solution

Introduction Ques: Evaluate information relating to the business scenario, review the current situation regarding the business information systems and determine the most appropriate e-business solution. Based on the feedback received from the various business stakeholders, how would you advise the client to remove the few gripes using Information Systems and fulfil the requirements set by the management team? You will produce a 2000 word report highlighting your vision and present your findings to the management team? Table of Contents Introduction Importance of information system in the organization Website Online Catalogue Implementation of ERP Role of ERP in process of purchasing Role of ERP in human resources Conclusion Total Time of the Project References Introduction Hire it, style it Wear it offers dresses to partygoers on hire basis. The customers are provided royal treatment. The business has been growing for the past five years. They are planning for expansion. The branches of the organization are regularly monitored and there is a branch manager at each store. The organization offers membership to the customers. This is used as a tool of marketing. The membership can be obtained by payment of a small annual membership fee. But there are certain grievances faced by the stakeholders of the store. The members of the various stores have shown grievances as the fee paid by them is more that the fee charged by other stores. The members have also complained that all the stores do not have the same quality of product. The staff complains that they face difficulty in booking the VIP lounges for the customers. An online system is necessary to keep a track booking of the customers. An online system is necessary to keep a track of the employees of the o rganization, the leave taken by the employees so that they can prepare themselves in advance. Thus they will not have to struggle if one of the staff remains absent. Importance of information system in the organization The business process of the organization has to be reexamined and innovated in order to deliver goods of high quality to the customers. The competition in the industry is increasing and the company has to sell quality products to their customers in order to strengthen their business. Thus use of information system has become crucial in the organization. Thus it is very important for the organization to integrate itself with their business. The organizations have to improve their business in order to sustain in the competitive scenario. They have taken proactive steps to improve their business operations. Every business house is looking for new opportunities to innovate themselves and become competitive. This will enhance the profitability of the organization. Website The website will feature the following items. Online Catalogue The organization should have an innovative website. The website must display all the information regarding the organization. There should be an online catalogue in the website that will display the items that are available for hire. The clothes available at the various stores should be displayed in the catalogue. The prices of the products should be displayed in the online catalogue. The accessories sold along with the garments will be featured in the website. The other products in the range from designer hats, handbags, wigs and wands will be displayed in the website. The website will also provide information regarding the seasonal sales offer of the organization. There will be discounts during the lean periods. This will attract customers even during lean periods. The website will provide a platform to convey the information of the organization to the customers. This will enhance the popularity of the organization. Implementation of ERP ERP can be implemented in the organization in order to integrate the entire process. The information of the various stores can be integrated to a central system by the use of ERP. Instead of keeping separate software for different activities of the organization, single software can be used to integrate the entire business. Various activities of the business like planning, costing, finance and human resource can be integrated to a single platform by implementing ERP. The ERP system can be used to track the data of the employees of the various stores. The information regarding the leave, salary of the employees can be tracked using the integrated system. The purchasing process of the organization can be integrated using the ERP system. Information regarding the training and recruitment of the employees can be processed centrally(Mathur, 2011; p-109-110). Role of ERP in process of purchasing ERP can be used to make the purchase decisions of the organizations. The information enters at a single point and the information is processed. The software suit will integrate the entire business of the organization. The supply chain of the organization can be integrated by the use of ERP. Information technology will be used to optimize the entire process of supply chain. Information system will integrate the entire business process. It will provide a synergy between the important resources of the organization like men, material, machine and money. The Information technology will be used for processing the data in the organization. ERP can be used for accounting and processing the various transactions of the business. The ERP system can also track the sales of the organization (Prouty, 2011; p-1-6). The marketing, production and sales strategy can be implemented by using the ERP system. The organization can take its decisions in a strategic manner. This is essential for the future g rowth of the organization. The purchase by the customers in the various stores can be tracked by a single system. The modern MIS system will be helpful in managing the sales of the various stores. The organization can make decisions according to the sales of the various stores. The ERP system can be used by the organization to standardize the supply chain. They will have a centralized control over procurement. They will be well connected with the suppliers. They can access to any kind of requirement of dresses by communicating with the suppliers. Various customers issue related to selection of the appropriate dress of their choice can be solved by implementing the online system. The ERP system can provide the customers regarding information of the previous purchases. The customers that are members of the organization can keep a track of their purchases. The central processing system can implement a uniform membership fee for all the customers across the various stores. They can keep a track of any kind of discretionary issues across the various stores. This will remove the dissatisfaction among the customers. The service to the customers will be automated. This will increase the competitive advantage of the organization. The profitability of the organization will grow (Hodge and Cagle, 2004;p-211-220). Role of ERP in human resources ERP has become a useful tool for managing the various human resource activities across the organization. The cost of the labor can be tracked using ERP. The number of hours worked by each labor can be easily monitored by the ERP system. The other activities of the human resource like attendance and timing of the employees, leave of the employees, management of talent of the employees and other functions can be monitored by the ERP system. The company has to devise a suitable strategy to keep a track of the various HR functions across the organization. The employees have to be provided training during the implementation of ERP so that they can use the ERP system efficiently. The recruitment and training of the employees across the various stores can be unified by implementing ERP. The multiple HR functions across the organization can be integrated by using ERP system. The ERP system can be used to track the timing of the employees. The strategic decision related to the various HR func tions can be taken by implementing ERP in the organization (Hodge and Cagle, 2014; p-24-27). The management of the recruitment and coordination among the various programs of the human resource can be easily done by using the ERP system. The automated process will drive the HR functions in the organization. The ERP system in the organization has to be implemented in such a manner so that it complies with the standard business process of the organization. The management of the structure of the organization is one of the major functions of the human resource department. The structure of the organization is divided according to the various functions of the HR department like division among the labor, hierarchy of the organization and the relationship between the employees and the managers. The ERP system is necessary to keep updated information of the various employees of the organization. The changes in the organization like internal transfer in the organization, rotation of job, hirin g and the promotional activities can be easily updated using the ERP system. The ERP system provides a view of the structure of the entire organization. The future planning of the organization can be done using the ERP system. This is helpful in the process of decision making in the organization. The administration within the organization can be done effectively by the use of the ERP system. Since the employee joins the organization, information of the employee has to be updated by the HR department. The personal data of the employees, along with the educational details, salary can be updated easily by the use of the ERP system. The various administrative functions can be easily updated by the ERP system. The organization has to maintain a master data that consists of attrition reports, reports regarding the demography, age and gender of the employees can be easily maintained. Earlier the organization used to maintain a hardcopy of the files of the employees. It is very time consumi ng and laborious for the organization to maintain data using excel sheet. There is risk of loss of data. It takes manual effort to prepare the reports of the employees. There may be lots of error in the reports. By implementation of ERP, a master data can be maintained that will keep a track of the information regarding the various employees. The data regarding the administration of the organization can be easily maintained. The leave of the employees can be updated. Each store will have a track of the employees that are in leave. This will not lead to shortage of employees during peak seasons. There will be enough staff members to serve the employees. This will increase the satisfaction of the customers. The customers will be repeat buyers (Bansal and Narula, 2014; p-40-46). This will ensure long term sustainability of the organization. The information regarding the various functional areas of the HR department can be done using the ERP system. The data can be used in maintain the various functions across the organization like management of the payroll, decision making of the organization and the administration of the leave across the organization (Jain, 2014; p-150-170). The various policies of the organization regarding leave, salary can be automatically updated using the advanced system of information technology. Information regarding the time management of the organization can be done effectively. The process of planning in the organization will be supported by relevant information from the data system (Grant, 2003); (Chorafas, 2001). Conclusion The grievances of the various stakeholders of the organization like the employees, customers can be addressed by using of information technology. Information technology will serve as a tool for meeting the various functional and operational needs of the organization. The management teams will be able to monitor the various functions of the organization. One of the most important ways of connecting with a wide spectrum of customers is by the development of an innovative website. The website will serve as a tool for communicating directly with the customers. The customer can preview the wide range of offerings by the organization with the help of the online catalogue.The website will also feature the various accessory products sold by the organization. The various functions of the organizations can be integrated by the use of advanced information technology. This can be done by the use of ERP. The ERP system will integrate the process of purchase across the various stores. The membersh ip fees of the customers will be uniform across the various stores. This will remove the grievances of the customers. Information regarding the employees can be easily tracked by the use of the information system. The leave of the employees, salary, recruitment and training of the employees can be managed by a central information system. Integration of the various systems will help in the future planning process of the organization. Total Time of the Project The total time of the project is 10 week. The critical path is shown below. Activity Details of Activity Duration ( Week) A Project Implementation 1 B Requirement Gathering 2 C Web portal and training 2 D Application configuration 2 E User Acceptance 1 F Migration of data 2 G Deployment 1 Figure Critical path of ERP installation References Bansal, V. and Narula, D. (2014). Enterprise Resource Planning: Driving Human Resource Management. 1st ed. [ebook] pp.40-46. Available at: Chorafas, D. (2001). Integrating ERP, CRM, supply chain management, and smart materials. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach. Grant, G. (2003). ERP data warehousing in organizations. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. Hodge, G. and Cagle, C. (2004). BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS E-BUSINESS MODELS: CLASSIFICATION AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY IMPLICATIONS. 1st ed. Hodge, G. and Cagle, C. (2014). BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS E-BUSINESS MODELS: CLASSIFICATION AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY IMPLICATIONS. 1st ed. Jain, V. (2014). A Framework for Sustainable ERP Value. pp.150-170. Mathur, R. (2011). MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CLOTHING INDUSTRY. 1st ed. [ebook] pp.109-110. Prouty, K. (2011). ERP's impact on Human Resources. 1st ed. [ebook] pp.1-6.

Sports Vs. Women Essays - Sexism, Womens Sports,

Sports Vs. Women Sports are a very important part of the American society. Within sports heroes are made, goals are set and dreams are lived. The media makes all these things possible by creating publicity for the rising stars of today. Within society today, the media has downplayed the role of the woman within sports. When the American people think of women in sports, they think of ice skating, field hockey and diving. People do not recognize that women have the potential to play any sport that a man can play, with equal skill, if not better. Right now in some part of America, there is a women who aspires to play hockey for the New York Rangers, but what she does not realize is that the media will not give a positive backing to her effort. This negative coverage will shatter her dream within a matter of seconds. Women today have found the intensity that drives people to play sports. One of the most recent electrifying events that shows women expressing their love for the game, regardless of which game, is when Brandi Chastain tore her jersey off after the United States women's soccer team won the Women's World Cup final. After this incredible display of victory, the media put Ms. Chastain's face all over the world. She was a feature on Sportscenter on ESPN and she was on every news broadcasts for a solid week. But this was not the biggest accomplishment, Brandi made the cover for Sports Illustrated the following month. For winning the World Cup the women each received a sum of $12,500, whereas if the men won they would have each received a s um $388,000. This event also influenced sitcoms. In a March 2000 episode of the television sitcom, Third Rock From the Sun, on of the characters makes a direct quote in relation to the extravagant display of triumph. The character was quoted to say, ?She is about one goal away from ripping her shirt off.? Since the World Cup, taking your shirt off is something that people relate with women soccer and its players. Coverage of another female athlete, Laila Ali, was due to reasons other than ripping off her shirt. The reason that Ali was covered was due to the fact that she is a legacy. She is a the daughter of the famous Muhammed Ali. Laila, 22, started to box and try to follow the famous foot steps of her famous father. The media coverage of this up and coming female boxer is phenomenal. In her first fight, Laila ?Madam Butterfly? Ali, knocked out her opponent, April Fowler, in thirty-one seconds. The main focus of her fame is in direct relation with the fame of her father and his reign of her famous father. Laila fame has brought a whole new light to the world of female boxing. Other former heavyweight champions, George Foreman and Joe Frazier, have encouraged their daughters to participate in this brutal sport. These women who are successful in the business world, working an attorney and a nail salon owner, are very interested in trying to share the spotlight with their famous counterpart fathers. The media has deemed women boxing as an unruly display of masculinity. Labeling women who participate in this sport as a dyke or lesbian. Since boxing is such a brutal sport, some parts of the media have labeled the sport as an act of unnecessary roughness with a strong undertone of un-called for violence. Throughout time women have gone through a lot within the world of sports. In 1999, Newsweek, published an article outlining the ?Leaps and Bounds? the women have overcome to be where they are today. The events outlined in this article include dates which have made history such as in 1920 when the first woman competed in the Olympics and won three gold medals and 1965 when Donna De Varona became the first women to a sportscaster on network television. One of the most important stats within this article lies in the fact that in women sports have taken off so much that in 1996 the WNBA, the first women' pro basketball league is launched. One of the most important public documents was passed in 1972.

A Thanksgiving Guide for College Students

A Thanksgiving Guide for College Students Thanksgiving break, for many college students, is an oasis in the middle of fall semester. Its a chance to return home and recharge. You can take a break from midterms and papers. For a lot of students, it might be their first chance to get some good food and spend time with old friends. Lots of students go home for Thanksgiving, but some stay on campus. Others head to a friend or roommates house to celebrate the holiday. No matter your situation, though, there are things you can do to make sure you squeeze every last drop out of the long weekend. Friends, Family, and Relationships Thanksgiving is nearly always about friends and family. And while every college student has a unique situation when it comes to their nearest and dearest, nearly everyone needs a little love around the holidays. Some families are less supportive than others. If you find being back home stressful, try planning to see friends or a trip to your favorite coffee shop. For many students, its the first chance they have to visit with friends from high school. If you had a large circle of friends, getting to see everyone you wanted to see might be hard. After all, the Thanksgiving break is only a few days, and most people will have some family obligations as well. Because of this, it is wise to try to plan group activities where you can spend time with as many of your old friends as possible. Dealing With Change If Thanksgiving is the first time youve been home since the start of college, you may have a hard time adjusting to being back. After months of the freedom to come and go as you please, having a curfew again might be hard to swallow. Things around your town have probably changed, too. You may have new interests and hobbies that you didnt have before, which your family may or may not approve of. Dealing with change isnt easy for anyone, including your parents. Try to approach the differences with an open mind. College is about moving from childhood to your adult life and its a process which is why you still have to follow your parents rules- but it wont be like that forever. Be patient when your parents start treating you like youre back in high school; they need time to adjust to their child growing up. When you start getting frustrated remind yourself its just a long weekend, youll be back at school before you know it. Dealing With Politics Its not uncommon for students to return home with new ideas or insight into the politics of the world. If your politics no longer align with your families, it could lead to some unpleasant conversations. Many people attempt to avoid discussing politics during the holiday but if thats not an option, view it as a learning experience. Ask your family members to explain their political beliefs to you. Even if you dont agree, allowing others to feel like theyve been heard can ease tensions. Its also easier to explain your beliefs when you have shown that you respect the other person enough to hear what they have to say. Heading Home Thanksgiving is one of the busiest travel times of the year, so knowing what to expect can prevent a fun trip home from turning into a travel nightmare. Knowing what to pack when heading home for Thanksgiving is half the battle. The other half is planning your route home. If youre in charge of purchasing your airline ticket, youll want to book it at least six weeks in advance. The Wednesday before Thanksgiving is one of the biggest travel days of the year, so youll want to avoid it if you can. If you have a class scheduled that day, talk to your professor about ways to accommodate your absence so you can leave earlier in the week. Dont worry if you forgot to buy your ticket home; there are ways to find last-minute student travel deals. If you do have to leave on Wednesday, leave early and be prepared to deal with travel delays and crowds. Staying on Top of Your Academics For most students, Thanksgiving falls either right before or right after midterms. So just because youre relaxing and hanging out with people over the break doesnt mean you can let your academics slide. While staying on top of your coursework is challenging, it isnt impossible. Thanksgiving is your first real chance to get to learn how to manage homework over a college break. Even if your professors didnt assign you anything over the break, you probably have a larger project or paper that you can work on. Remember, the end of the semester is really only a few weeks away. The time will pass faster than you think and saying you have to study is a great excuse to get out of an awkward conversation with extended family members.

A Wrinkle In Time essays

A Wrinkle In Time essays In Willstead town, in North Carolina strange things are happening. Do you want to know more? Well in A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine LEngle, a wonderful writer tells all the weird things that are happening. The setting of this story is on North Carolina, at the town of Willstead in the year of 2005. One day Margaret was left by the Aliens when she was two- months old at planet Earth, and was found by the Murries, a nice couple, that had one year of marriage. Several years had passed and Margaret grew up like a normal girl. Now she has twin brothers and a Collie dog. At school everybody thinks that she is a freak, but she is a ten-year-old girl, with beautiful eyes and a lot of intelligence. She is an alien but no one knows not even her. Margaret came to Earth by a computer fraud that caused a wrinkle in time. An old woman called Mrs. Whatsit came to Earth with a job to take Margaret back. She visits Margaret and buys her nice things to win Margarets confidence. Mrs. Whatsit lived in the middle of the woods. One day a robbery had been reported to the police. It was a missing blanket and the thief was Mrs. Whatsit because she needed a lot of warmth because planet Earth was too cold for them. The Tesseract that is the name of the species that Margaret and Mrs. Whatsit belong to. At school some rare people that were the same species of Margaret went to do a contest. Margaret won the contest but this was no contest this were a series of exams that they had to do to Margaret to see if she could live in her home planet and see if she was fit to live there. Mrs. Whatsit was there and after the exams she sat down Margaret and started telling everything about her species and how she got here. At first Margaret didnt believe it but afterwards she started understanding all the things she had passed through all alone with no one that could understand her. Mrs. Wh ...

Essay Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review - Essay Example According to Kenneth, China, in-spite of making advancements in science was unable to emerge as a strong economy. It was troubled due to its non-integrated political framework that prevented free trade and exchange of goods between different regions (Kenneth, 12-15) Weak political structure not allowed much of innovations to be carried forward to the next level of production. However, Europe attempted for excellence in its work, brought new styles of production that reduced time and energy and facilitated greater efficiency. Another factor that greatly influenced capitalism was the geographical set up. North Western Europe has vast coalmines. When North America became the largest importer of coal then Europe started specializing in the production of energy rather than agriculture. An influenced of trade and commerce came at hand, which in turn gave phenomenal increase to entrepreneurship in Europe. Individual enterprise, easy availability of credit and huge profits were the motivations for the people of Europe. The capitalists in Europe emerged from monasteries as these religious places amassed wealth. Materialistic tendencies gave rise to individualist approach towards trade practices. This need to increase wealth gave rise to capitalism that fueled one of the most important revolutions of the modern world i.e. The Industrial

Cyberlaw Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Cyberlaw Research - Essay Example From the essay's analysis, it may be seen that new legislation does indeed impact upon individual liberties. In cases such as that of Jose Padilla discussed in the essay, the actions of the Government have been dismissed by the Courts as violative of constitutional rights to freedom. Terrorists now have access to Cyber weapons such as TEDs, RF munitions, TEMPEST monitoring devices and electromagnetic bombs in addition to the uploading of malicious viruses. By hacking into the access codes for control of weapons and missile systems of the United States of America, or locations such as the World Trade Center, terrorists can create havoc – long distance and unidentified. The purpose of a terrorist attack is to generate fear in the mind of the victim. Serious cyber attacks can be conceived and planned without detectable logistic preparation. They can be invisibly reconnoitered, clandestinely rehearsed, and then mounted in a matter of minutes or even seconds without revealing the i dentity and location of the attacker. Through manipulation of cyberspace architecture and increased surveillance in the US today, online activity is being regulated today. The restrictive immigration laws have ensured that the likelihood of a large scale attack is defused. But this cannot be equated to a victory for terrorists. The researcher states that there must be more emphasis on preserving individual liberties but it is not of a magnitude that justifies the conclusion that the terrorists have won the war.

Instructions on how to hypnotise a person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Instructions on how to hypnotise a person - Essay Example Hypnosis is a condition that is linked with the psychological behaviors where it affects the lives of the people on which it is acted upon in a manner that shows clearly the marked distinctions in their thinking mindsets and behavioral patterns. There seems to be an altered state of consciousness at certain times within this whole hypnotic activity but the same holds true for only a small fraction of people. The hypnotic indications as well as the subjective alterations within the human mind can be achieved with hypnosis. However there a number of controversies that goes in line with the art of hypnosis the world over. Without a shadow of a doubt, hypnosis is a form of hysteria and the people who experience hysteria can be hypnotizable. However this is just a solitary claim and with the recent research it has been proven time and again that nearly all human beings can be hypnotized. The manner in which a person can be hypnotized rests largely with the act of inducting a hypnotic state within him/her. We cannot just fathom a single basis on which we can rest our claim that the same is the proper way of inducing a hypnotic state however for this act to be effective, a number of practitioners have started to employ the calming verbal methodologies, usage of difficult triggers and lastly the inclusion of devices which are mechanical in nature. Hypnotherapy is the term which is used for the description of hypnosis within a therapeutic setting. A number of these hypnotherapists refer to this act as the practice related with â€Å"clinical work†.

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete Concrete is one of the most construction material composed of water, coarse and fine aggregate and cement (binder)which fills the space between aggregate and stick them together. Concrete production is time-sensitive. Concrete become stronger and capable of bearing loads with the initiation of hardening process. There are two types of concrete, ready mix plants and central mix plants. A ready mix plant is the mix of all ingredients except water, while a central mix plant is the mix of all ingredients with water; this method needs more quality control than ready mix (Neville, 1996). After mixing all ingredient and place it, curing the concrete is absolutely essential to achieve best strength and hardness. For achieving the strength, cement needs a moist and controlled environment. Good concrete elements are the elements which has a good durability. Durability is defined as the ability of concrete to resist chemical attack, abrasion and during its life time. If the concrete elements have factors below, they will remain durable; The cement paste has low permeability Its better to made with well graded aggregate. The ingredient should have minimum impurities such as Sulphates, Chlorides, alkali and etc. So in the absence of one or more of these factors, the concrete will face with the durability problem. Two major types of durability problem are: (ACI 201.2R-08, 2008) Durability against physical action Durability against Chemical action Physical durability consists of: Temperature stresses Freezing and thawing action And chemical durability consists of: (Neville, 1996) Sulfate attack Chloride ingress Corrosion Alkali Aggregate Reaction 2.2 Alkali Aggregate Reaction 2.2.1 Background Thomas Stanton (Munn et. al., 2011) at California Department of Transportation detected cracking in concrete which was occurred due to certain aggregate reacting with cement alkalis for the first time; therefore he called this phenomena Alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR). Since then, several scientists continue researching on AAR, with the main areas of focus as: (Fournier Berube, 2000) Better understanding of mechanism of AAR in concrete. Identification of reactive aggregate and developing test methods to assess the reactivity of aggregates. Developing new method to prevent initiation of AAR in new structures Developing remedies for rehabilitation of existing structures affected by AAR. 2.2.2 Alkali Aggregate Reaction (AAR) When a highly basic fluid which consist of alkali hydroxides ions like (K+, Na+ Ùâ‚ ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â€š ¬ OH) fill the pores in concrete and the aggregate in concrete are chemically unstable in the high pH environment, the concrete encounter with distresses such as cracking, losing serviceability, and etc. (Fournier Berube, 2000). This internal chemical reaction is recognized as alkali aggregate-reaction (AAR). The source of alkalinity in these phenomena is from cement and aggregate but some external sodium or potassium can contribute the reaction (Munn et. al., 2011). The reaction cause the formation of a gel which absorbs water and then expands, due to this internal pressure, the micro cracks gradually appear. (ACI 221.1R-98, 1998) Two types of AAR are generally recognized: 1) Alkali- carbonate reaction (ACR) and 2) Alkali Silica reaction (ASR) . 2.2.2.1 Alkali-Carbonate Reaction (ACR) Argillaceous dolomitic limestones are susceptible to this reaction. Two mechanisms contribute to the carbonate reaction: 1) Crystallization of brucite and calcite during the dedolomitision and 2) Sorption of alkalis by clay. The dedolomitision causes expansion CaMg(CO3)2 + 2 (Na,K)OH à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Mg( OH )2 + CaCO3 + ( Na,K )2CO3 Dolomite This reaction is known to not to occur frequently to this phenomenon are less common and suitable for using in concrete industry (Fournier Berube, 2000). The aggregate sensitive to ACR have characteristics texture which can identify by some tests such as ASTM C 441 or ASTM C586-11. The dedolomitisation involves the reaction of alkali carbonates with portlandite in concrete and yield to reform alkali hydroxides (Fournier Berube, 2000). (Na,K)2CO3 + Ca (OH ) 2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ CaCO3 + 2 ( Na, K) OH No gel is produced as a result of this reaction. Recently the theory which was introducing by Katyama (Katyama, 2010) in the early of 20th century suggests that ACR is the combined reaction of dedolomitisation of dolomitic aggregate and expansive ASR of cryptocrystalline was confirmed by using tests like SEM observation, polished section and etc. (Katayama, 2010) 2.2.2.2 Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Alkali-silica reaction is relatively more common and it has negative effect on the mechanical properties of concrete (Marzouk Langdon, 2000) this reaction is between alkaline pore solution and silica mineral like cryptocrystalline quartz and opal. Higher solubility of silica mineral in high pH solutions means higher likelihood of reaction occurrence. The reaction yields the formation a gel that absorbs water and expands in moist areas (Munn et. al., 2011). The expansive pressure by the silica gel causes crackings and deteriorations in concrete. The quantity of gel depends on the amount of silica; if the amount of silica increases, the expansion will be increased. The composition of this gel has been studied by several of researchers (Lindgard et al., 2012); they stated that, this gel has high contents of silica and low contents of calcium and alkalis. The formation of silica gel depends on composition and the texture of the aggregate but the composition of silica gel doesnt depend on the nature of aggregate. Two categories of ASR are recognized: Quartz- bearing rock which reacts slowly in the early ages and then the expansion and cracks start to appear from 10 to even 25 years of concrete, when concrete is exposed to conditions favoring the reactions The rocks incorporate with Silica. This type of rocks contributes to extensive expansion and cracking on the early age of concrete when concrete is exposed to conditions favoring the reactions ASR damages both macroscopic and microscopic properties of material, for instance; for macroscopic damages, the changes in length can be mentioned, as Hayman et.al.(Hayman et al., 2010) stated that deleterious of concrete is when the expansion greater than 0.040%. For microscopic damages, significant difference between modules of elasticity of the gel and cement paste or aggregate can be mentioned (Chen et al., 2010).

The Parmenidean Paradox Of Motion Essay -- essays research papers

Philosophical thought begins with the Milesians, where intellectual curiosity propelled thinkers like Anaximander and Heraclitus to attempt to explain the phenomena of the universe by means of specific physical elements. During the 6th century BC, Eleatics, like Parmenides and Zeno, had rejected physical phenomena and propounded metaphysical paradoxes that cut at the roots of belief in the very existence of the natural world. Parmenides uproots the theories of his predecessors by bearing to light the logical possibilities of any philosophical inquiry. He argues that that the only things about which we can inquire about must exist, else our search is fruitless. Through deductive reasoning, Parmenides proves that if something exists, then it cannot come to be or perish, change or move, nor be the subject to any imperfection. His proteges were left with an enormous problem: how could one reconcile Parmenides’ rejection of change with the possibility of giving a rational account of the changing world of sense experience? By accepting only certain parts of his doctrine of being, his successors ultimately fail in their attempts to explain the changing universe in light of the Parmenidean paradox. How does Parmenides draw the conclusion that if something is, then it is unchanging? A more formal examination of his arguments regarding subjects of inquiry shows how he comes to the conclusion that all is one. The only ways of inquiry there are for thinking: the one, that it is and that it is not possible for it not to be, is the path of Persuasion (for it attends upon the Truth), the other, that it is not and that it is necessary for it not to be, this I point out to you to be a path completely unlearnable, for neither may you know that which is not (for it is not to be accomplished) nor may you declare it (Curd fr.2 ll.3-8, pg.45). Parmenides’ subject of inquiry, as show in the fragment, either you must assume that your subject is or it is not. Careful consideration of the statement ‘is not’ shows that it is impossible to point out what does not exist, because it has no attributes or true predicate. Parmenides concludes that if something does not exist, then its non-existence cannot allow for it to come into being or perishing, because if it comes to be, then formally, it previously did not exist. Since we cannot know anything about things that do not exist, coming... ...rmenidean doctrine that substances are uncreated and eternal; however, by positing that there are four creative and two controlling substances, he dubiously maintains that combination and separation, through their endless cycles bring about a whole. If Empedocles were to follow the Parmenidean notion of being absolutely, then his separation and combination would never take place, because each element would be continuously attracted and negated, so that no combination could ever take place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Pluralists want to reconcile everything that they perceive through their senses with the Parmenidean idea of an uncreated, eternal, unchanging whole. The problem of such a task lies in the fact that Parmenides’ notion of being goes against everything that our sense experience tells us. With our eyes we see motion and change every day, be it our own self-motion or that of others around us. Furthermore, we experience coming-into-being and perishing through the cycle of birth and death. The Pluralists would had made better progress in extrapolating their own ideas if they would have either sided completely with Parmenides or taken means to discredit his work.

PharmaSim Project Essay

The objectives and goals of Allstar are to look for new opportunities in emerging market with support from healthy and growing cash flow, to introduce new product, to maintain leadership and to maintain long-term profitability and market share in an increasingly competitive and changing environment. Certain measurements are introduced to weight the success and progress of the objectives such as feedbacks from customers and retailers, keeping tracks on our marketing report and purchasing and analyzing the marketing research reports. With increasing budget Allstar has, high market share in cold category and leadership in this market are promised. Limitations on product line as Allstar does not manufacture any drugs in the area of cough, allergy and nasal category but cold in liquid form have a huge concern from end-user point of view. As for the customers of Allstar, they have a great need in OTC cold remedy market. Consumers have negative attitude toward alcohol in the drug formulation and Customers think capsule is more convenient than liquid form. Several options to react to the current situation including reformulation or line extensions in terms of formula, increasing sales forces, gaining more support from retailers to get better shelf space placement and promotional programs, issuing more coupons to motivate repurchases to improve our retention rate and adjusting sales force allocation and promotion strategy according to consumers’ shopping habits. Promotional allowance, product turnover, sales force support, co-op advertising allowances, discount volume are effective ways to motivate collaborators to help us achieve our goals. Our direct channels are independent drugstores, chain drugstores, grocery stores, convenience stores, mass merchandisers and wholesalers, merchandisers, detailers are indirect channels. We are facing three options to move about product line extension: 4-hour cold liquid for children, 12-hour multi-symptom capsule and 4 hour cough liquid. Customers notes Have negative attitude toward alcohol in the drug formulas Capsules are more convenient than liquid form Competitors notes Primary competitors B&B healthcare, Curall Pharma, Discol Corp and Ethik Inc Cold remedy market appears to be fastest growing market We could react and respond with reformulation, line extension, sales force changes and or adjustments on pricing and promotion strategies Channels notes Independent drugstores chain drugstores grocery stores convenience stores mass merchandisers wholesalers Products notes Allround- a cold medicine that cures most conditions, but is mainly targeted at cold sysmptoms Allround+- all the benefits of Allround product but in a twelve hour capsule. Targeted at those who cannot take the dose of liquid every four hours Allright- cold spray, for those who prefer over liquid or capsule form. Possible Goals / Objectives Increase market share of current market to a specific % by the end of a specific period Create a new product that is targeted toward children by a specific period Increase stock price to a specific figure by a specific period To increase net income by a certain figure over a specific period To increase brand awareness by a specific percentage To increase customer satisfaction by a specific % To keep promotional allowance above a certain % Questions regarding assignments / strategies for completing project How will we meet to discuss project How and who will be responsible for making and entering decisions Roslyn is  currently responsible for entering final decisions How and who will be responsible for analyzing each round of decisions We should purchase research reports and assess if each report is helpful, so we can determine how to use the reports, how often we should purchase the reports. Price of reports come out of your budgets How and who will be responsible for determining strategy for each round of decisions How and who will be responsible for record keeping during the duration of the simulation Keeping track of not only what we did, but also why we did it, and what results we concluded from them How do we envision the written paper, what will it include Decisions Analyses Results Marketing activities Lessons learned Summary Ideas for breaking up the project Each team member will choose one marketing objective and handling everything for it Price comparisons Market demand Channel anlsysis Choosing one aspect of paper and focusing on all products and competitors so the material is available when the time comes to write the paper Pricing Maketing Promotion Focusing on certain competitors and handling everything One handles Allround products and other team members divide up the competitors Each team member keeps notes on performance and positioning of competitors Ideas for organizing the power point presentation Idea #1 One slide for strategies/decisions that we used that were effective and why Describing what we believed were critical during the simulation What information or research led you to make each decision Explain why they were effective Second slide for strategies/decisions that could have gone better and why Describe one or two missteps we would like to go back and change Describe why these decisions were not ideal Describe their negative impact Third slide to identify one marketing principle that the simulation reinforced How the importance of this principle was highlighted by the simulation Fourth slide for reviewing our original marketing plan How well we did overall If we revised our plan during the simulation and what helped us do so Idea #2 One slide per marketing objective and would discuss various aspects of it Idea #3 Each team member defines what they would like to discuss and formulates one slide each. The final slide from each team member would have to be agreed upon by each team member to avoid overlapping material Ideas for organizing the final paper What do we envision the paper to include Marketing objectives SWOT analysis Marketing activities Yearly Decisions Yearly Results Overall performance metrics Lessons learned Summary SWOT Strengths Allround is the most purchased brand Allround products control shelf space as compared to competitors High customer satisfaction Weaknesses Limited marketing budget High cost of goods sold Distributors allowance are high Opportunities Products are heading toward the removal of alcohol from formulation There are no 12 hour multi-liquid products on the market A cheaper bargain product could be beneficial to address price criteria Threats End dominates the cough market Over saturated markets, many other companies distribute similar products

Why Form A Corporation †Business Essay

Why Form A Corporation – Business Essay Free Online Research Papers Nowadays more and more businesses have formed into corporation. There is no doubt about the advantages of corporation, such as easier rise capital, no limited number of members, unlimited life†¦One of the most popular advantages of corporate is the unlimited liability for shareholders and management and sometimes it is described as â€Å"corporate veil†. This veil keeps shareholders and managers from liabilities and sometimes responsibilities. To further understand the meaning of corporate veil, we need to trace back to Europe where corporate entities began to develop. The earliest idea of corporate is invented by Roman. As the development of commence and law system, corporation is given legal personality, which means that corporation is treated as an artificial entity. Corporation can held assets, borrow money in the title of corporation and sue or be sued. Thompson in the Cornell Law Review: â€Å"As a general principle, corporations are recognized as legal entities separate from their shareholders, officers and directors. Corporate obligations remain the liability of the entity and not of the shareholders, directors, or officers who own and/or act for the entity.† This idea of separated entity was carried out for pure convenience so that companies can have the function of holding monies, entering into contracts and appearing in court. However, this idea gives a veil to shareholders and managers and protect them form liabilities. This is why corporation is sued or sue, rather then the broad managers. In practical, there are several disputes over the â€Å"veil†. Sometime the â€Å"veil† is misused. For the sake of justices, courts may lift the veil and look at what is inside the veil; shareholders and managers are no longer protected or covered by the veil. As it is defined in some articles, â€Å"piercing of the veil is an allegorical term which purports to describe how courts can search behind the corporate entity and, if necessary, to hold individuals personally liable for wrongs, thereby preventing operators and owners from claiming immunity as separate entities from the company†. This power is given by communal law and Corporate Act. Advantages of corporate veil: There are several advantages of limited liability. According to Ramsay, lan and Noakes, David article , we can derive three main advantages of limited liability. Firstly, the limited liability reduces shareholders incentive to monitor on corporations’ daily business. Because shareholders only liable up to the price of shares they purchase, they will have less incentive to monitor the operation of business than someone may take his private assets to cover company’s debt. Further more, limited liability makes shareholders less risky so that increases shareholders’ willingness to invest in companies and also reduce the administration expenses for company due to less monitor by shareholders. Secondly, limited liability keeps companies’ wealth and managements work efficient. This can be explained by free transfer shares. If we assume there is an absence of limited liability, when we transfer shares from one to another, the price of share would consist with two elements. One part would affect by the company’s wealth, and the other one would depend on other shareholders’ wealth due to the unlimited liability. In fact, the concept of limited liability increases the liquidity of shares and promotes free transfer. As a result, when managers run a company in inefficient condition, shareholders will sell out their shares. This action would contribute to the possibility of a takeover by another entity and replace the older management with a more efficient one. This is how the limited liability keeps companies’ wealth and managements work efficient. Thirdly, limited liability indicates a solution to reduce risk for both shareholders and finance managers. As well know, for the sake of reducing risk investors usually invest in different companies’ share. This consistence of different investment is called portfolio. I would say the foundation of operating a portfolio is the concept of limited liability. If the liability is unlimited, any failure in one of the investments could sacrifice gains on others and might even require investor’s personal assets. In this point of view, on the contract of reducing risk, invest in a portfolio actually increase the risk of investors. Consequently, investors would like to reduce the number of different shares they invest and only hold shares which they are confident. Last but not list, this could be the most arguable one. Limited liability prevents insolvent trading. When directors realize there is a situation of insolvent occurred. Because fear of personal responsible for debt, directors might make decision to continuing to trade rather then the proper action, apply for bankrupt ion. However some people argued that as well as the concept of limited liability prevent insolvent trading, it is main reason to cause company being insolvent because managers don’t take personal responsibility for their decisions. I do not agree with this point of view. Also management might not take personal responsibility for their decisions as I described before if the management act in a very poor way, shareholders would sell out their shares and a takeover would occurred and replace the current management with a more efficient one. On the other hand, mangers or directors are not always protected by the veil in any situations. Sometimes, the court might deici de to lift of the veil or sometime called piercing the veil; make directors or managers to take personal responsible for their action. I would emphasis on this issue later. Disadvantages of corporate veil: As I mentioned above, there are several advantage for corporate veil and it well explains why corporate veil exist and accepted by public. However, in practical, as well as the concept of limited liability improves or promotes the business, it also causes a lot of troubles. First of all, limited liability shields shareholders and managements from company’s debt. If the company goes bankrupted, shareholders could claim for the protection of limited liability and them only loss the money up to the amount they bought shares. Creditors can not ask shareholders to cover company’s debt by shareholders private assets. When such issue occurred, on the one hand, shareholders and managers are protected, on the other hand, creditors are sacrificed. The other disadvantage of corporate veil is that it encourages managers to take risky action. When we first look at this, it seems like to be a advantage of corporate veil. From managers or directors point of view, because limited liability shields them from company debt, they can concentrate on their work and give less attention about ongoing risks. However, this could be a disadvantage for company, if managers or director pay less attention to the ongoing plans or actions; this could make the company more risky. When a project gives higher return and reasonable greater risk, managers or directors of company with limited liability would more tend to chose high return and high risk for the sake of profit maximization. The concept of limited liability also contributes to another problem. As we know, limited liability keeps managers and directors from company debt, in fact creditors are sacrificed. Sometimes one company’s insolvency could cause a chain effect.. Why lift the veil: The word lifting or piercing the veil is quite a new word for public. â€Å"The narrowest definition of piercing the veil is for a court to ignore the corporate veil in order to find the shareholders liable for some wrongdoing committed on behalf of the company. An alternative, and wider, definition would be one where a court examines what is occurring within the company entity in order to make a decision as to the behavior or relationship of the controllers, rather than just assuming separateness of the company form its owners and controllers.† According to the definition of lifting or piercing of the veil, court sometimes would ignore the concept of separate entity for company. â€Å"A successful piercing of the veil by a third party means that individuals cannot claim the protection of the separate company entity or the limited liability of a shareholder. They may be held personally responsible for the actions of that company.† As it is well known, limited liability works as foundation of company law, why both common law and corporations Act give court power to ignore it? The concept of limited was development as requires arose. However, it is far from perfect. It actually works as the designers expected, at the same time it was also misused for some illegal purpose. For the sake of providing justice, court sometimes may lift the veil. Is the veil misused: Dose misusing of corporate veil triggers court to carry out actions such as lifting or piercing the veil? To answer this question, we should first look at if the veil is misused. The purpose of developing corporate veil was to protect management and shareholders from companies’ debt. Corporate were treated as a separate entity, corporate should sue of sued instant of management. However, is it fair or right to protect managers or shareholders from any debts or responsibility? I would like to introduce some cases from our life to prove the veil sometime is misused. â€Å"Artedomus Pty Ltd (Artedomus) was formed in 1998 to import from Italy marble and other stone products for retail to the prestigious end of the building industry. The evidence showed that the company expended money and time to travel to Italy and source its stone products from little known quarries in remote regions of Italy. In particular, Artedomus sourced a limestone known as Modica from the province of Ragusa, Sicily which it marketed as Isernia in Australia. Artedomus had an exclusive contractual agreement with its Italian supplier and, over time, Isernia became the company’s largest selling product. The deliberate change of the stone’s name was designed to serve a strategic purpose, namely, to avoid revealing its place of origin and to keep competitors at bay. The evidence showed that considerable efforts were made by Artedomus to conceal the source of Isernia and that secrecy in that regard was of real value to the company. Precautions taken to ensure this outcome included instructing the employees not to disclose the source of products nor the name of the supplier to clients or persons in the stone industry.† Before we look at the court’s decisions, according to the concept of corporate veil, company is treated as a separated entity. The company should be sued instant of management. However, due to the nature figure as an artificial entity, the actual decisions are carried out by directors or managers. In this case, if we fulfill the concept of corporate veil, directors and managers and other relevant staffs would be shielded from their responsibility, and this is not the purpose of carrying out the concept. We would say in this case, the veil is misused. The above case is only one situation of misusing corporate veil. In our normal life, there are lots of cases that the corporate is misused. For the sake of justice, courts will lift the veil and look at what happed inside the veil. Does this achieve â€Å"justice†: The purpose of lifting the corporate veil is to provide â€Å"justice†. First we should understand what justice is. â€Å"As Lord Denning, one of England’s greatest judges, suggested: ‘It is not a product of intellect but of spirit. The nearest we can go to defining justice is to say that it is what right-minded members of the community-those who have the right spirit within them-believe to be fair.’† According to this definition, we can derive that the concept of corporate veil provides justice. Some people may argue that the concept of separate entity sacrifice creditors. This is unfair. I would say this is true, but the concept achieves a majority people’s justice. â€Å"Yale Law Journal, Douglas and Shanks said:† limited liability is now accepted in theory and in practice. It is ingrained in our economic and legal systems. The social and economic order is arranged accordingly. Our philosophy accepts it. It is legitimate for a man or group of men to stake only a part of their fortune on an enterprise†. One question would come to our mind. If the concept of corporate veil provides justice, will the action of breaking or ignoring the concept provide justice? I have no argument about the idea that it is reasonable for a man or group of people such as shareholders only loss limited fortune when the company goes insolvency. Back to the case I introduced above, Artedomus Pty Ltd was considered as conducting a fraud. I would say neither makes all shareholders responsible nor shield all managements from wrongdoing provide justice in this case. â€Å"The court actually decided that Mr Savini and Mr Del Casale, employees and directors of Artedomus, breathed their equitable duties of confidentiality to Artedomus.† Court lifted the veil and made some individuals responsible for their wrongdoing instant of claim all shareholders are responsible or shield everyone from their wrongdoing. We can conclude that the action of lifting or piercing the veil do provide justices. When should the veil be lift: As I introduced before, the concept limited liability for companies has played the role of fundamental for setting up our economic orders. For that reason, courts are reluctant to ignore the concept of separate entity and make shareholders responsible for company’s debt. Although both Corporate Act and Common law give courts power to lift the veil, they set up little rules to indicate in what circumstance courts would ignore the veil. As an article says: â€Å"Australia’s view of veil piercing could be summarized as: (1) an acceptance of the Salomon principle; (2) a reluctance to pierce; (3) actual piercing as the need arises; (4) no predictable set of principles by which the courts will or will not pierce.† However, if we analyses cases that make court take action to lift the veil, they dose give us some idea about in what circumstances courts would like to lift the veil. When then company is operated by a shadow director. â€Å"A shadow director is a person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the company are accustomed to act.† Further more, shadow director could be a nature person also could be a parent company. When the company carry out a fraud or try to avoid legal obligations, court would tend to lift the veil and make individual responsible for their action. Like the case we introduce previously, Artedomus Pty Ltd is considered as fraud and court decided to lift the veil. In circumstances that courts recognize the veil is abused, such as parent company use subsidiaries or individual use the veil as sham. Courts would like to lift the veil and make individuals responsible to creditors and claim their personal assets to cover the debt. Anything should be down to improve it: Although there are some disadvantages of corporate veil, the action of lifting the veil dose play a role to overcome it and exam weather the veil is misused. However, as the action of lifting the veil still under develops, there are some improvements I would like to state in my essay. Firstly, courts should clearly indicate in what circumstance court would lift the veil. In fact, companies have no idea when the court will take an action. It is better to make it clear to companies what is forbidden and what should subject to. Another improvement is to encourage the development of Deed. A deed is set up by a group of voluntary companies for the sake of protect creditors right. Members of Deed will be responsible for others’ debt when one of the members becomes unable to cover his debt. This approach protects creditors’ right and avoids the chain effect. However, due to some reasons, the number of joined companies is always low roughly about 10% of total number of companies in Australia. Further research should be taken about how to improve current situation. Research Papers on Why Form A Corporation - Business EssayMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalTwilight of the UAWLifes What IfsPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaDefinition of Export Quotas

How You Can Get an ACT Fee Waiver Complete Guide

How You Can Get an ACT Fee Waiver Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you feel like testing costs are presenting a barrier in your path to college? The good news is, you might be eligible for an ACT fee waiver, which waives the cost of taking the ACT. In this article, we help you figure out whether you’re eligible to get an ACT fee waiver form. We also discuss what the waiver covers and doesn't cover, as well as the steps you must take to use your fee waiver while registering for the ACT. But first, let’s look at who is eligible for an ACT fee waiver. ACT Fee Waiver Eligibility Criteria In order to get an ACT fee waiver, you first need to check that you're eligible for one. Here is the criteria you must meet: Be enrolled in high school (11th or 12th grade) Be a U.S. citizen or an international student testing in the US, US territories, or Puerto Rico Meet one or more of the indicators of economic need listed below: You’re enrolled in a federal free or reduced-price lunch program at school, based on USDA income levels (see table below) You’re enrolled in a program for the economically disadvantaged (for example, a federally funded program such as GEAR UP or Upward Bound) You reside in a foster home, are a ward of the state, or are homeless Your family receives low-income public assistance or lives in federally subsidized public housing Your family’s total annual income is at or below the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) levels for free or reduced-price lunches listed below USDA Income Level Guidelines (2017-18) Members in Household* Total Annual Income 1 $22,311 2 $30,044 3 $37,777 4 $45,510 5 $53,243 6 $60,976 Each additional member Plus $7,733 per member Source: ACT.org *Members in household include filer. If you’re not on Free and Reduced Lunch but meet one of the other requirements, you might have to providedocumentation, such as tax records, to prove your eligibility. Now that you know whether or not you’re eligible, let’s look closer at exactly what the ACT fee waiver does and doesn't cover in terms of costs. What Does the ACT Fee Waiver Cover? The ACT fee waiver covers the basic registration fee for either the ACT without Writing or the ACT with Writing.If you’re eligible, you can get a maximum of two waivers, meaning you will be able to take the ACT for free twice. Fee waivers are valid through August 31 each year, so you might have to get one waiver your junior year and the other your senior year.You can also waive the fee to send one score report to your high school and up to four score reports to colleges. Speak with your guidance counselor to learn more about how your school handles ACT fee waiver distribution. What Does the ACT Fee Waiver NOT Cover? The ACT fee waiver doesn't cover late registration fees if you register past the normal deadline. It also doesn't cover fees forchanges in your registration, such as changes to your test date, test center, or test option (with or without Writing), or standby if you wish to be put on a waitlist. As mentioned above, the fee waiver will cover four score reports to colleges. Any additional score reports will have to be paid for. Currently, they are $13 each. Finally, a fee waiver can only be used once for registration. If you miss the test you signed up for, you can’t use the same fee waiver again. So make sure you don’t miss your test! How to Get an ACT Fee Waiver To get an ACT fee waiver, first speak with your school counselor. Counselors receive the fee waivers directly and are responsible for getting them to students. This doesn’t mean you should wait for your counselor to come to you, though. As you design your testing plan, get this taken care of early- ideally by the beginning of your junior year.This way you can confirm that you'll have the fee waiver before you choose a test date. When you register for the ACT, you'll need to enter your ACT fee waiver code- i.e.,the serial number printed in the top-right corner of your fee waiver form. If you have any additional charges not covered by the fee waiver, such as extra services or test-date changes, you'll have to pay for these by credit card before you finish registering. If you don't have any other charges, your registration for the ACT will be completely free! 3 ACT Prep Tips If You're Using an ACT Fee Waiver Before you take the ACT, you need to know how to prepare and study effectively in order to get a good score on test day. Here are three tips for those who have secured an ACT fee waiver: #1: Prepare Ahead of Time Preparation is the #1 factor to improving your ACT scores, but you need to make sure you’re prepping right. This means you must do the following: Understand your strengths and weaknesses Use high-quality ACT prep materials Set manageable goals Understand the ACT format and the skills being tested You can alsocheck outour free ebook detailing the five most important tips all students need to know to master the ACT. #2: Choose a Test Date and Center That Work Well for You As we mentioned above,sign up for a test date and centerthat'll work for your schedule. You can’t reuse the same ACT fee waiver should you miss your test, so it's critical to pick a place you won't have trouble getting to and a time you won't miss. If you are limited to taking the ACT twice (since you can get a maximum of two fee waivers), you'll want to design your testing plan around this fact. Almost all students improve their ACT scores on a second attempt, and many colleges will superscore your ACT score(i.e., consider your highest section scores across all dates to calculate your strongest composite score). In terms ofoptimal test dates, many students test in the spring of their junior year and again in the early fall of their senior year. With careful planning and customized preparation, you'll be able to maximize your two (free) ACT testing opportunities. #3: Use Realistic Practice Tests Whether you're taking the ACT once or twice, make sure totake official ACT practice tests under simulated testing conditions as you prep. By timing yourself, taking short breaks, and even practicing on a Saturday morning (as you'll do on the real test), you'll gradually get used to the ACT's pacing and develop the stamina you need to perform your best on test day. Recap: Getting and Using an ACT Fee Waiver All in all, getting and using an ACT fee waiver is a pretty simple process, as long as you know where to start. Before you apply for a fee waiver, check the ACT website to confirm that you are eligible. Then, talk to your counselor to get more information on how to apply and send one in. The ACT fee waiver covers the full cost of the ACT (with or without Writing) but does not cover extra charges such as changes to your test date or test center. Note that you can get up to two fee waivers in total, and you can't use the same fee waiver for more than one test. In terms of tips, make sure you have access to your fee waivers well ahead of registration for your preferred test date. Also, definitely communicate with your school counselor, as he or she will have access to the fee waivers and will be there to support you throughout the college process. If you plan to get two ACT fee waivers, make sure you have enough time to take the ACT twice. Don’t wait until senior year to get your first fee waiver since this likely won't give you enough time to take the ACT more than once. What’s Next? Curious about other ACT costs?Learn how much the ACT costs in full and get useful tips on how to save money on the ACT. How long is the ACT?Get familiar with the timing and pacing of the testso that you can prepare yourself effectively for test day. Aiming for perfection? Read expert tips and strategies from a 36 full scorer. Even if you're not aiming this high, our guide is helpful for improving scores at any level! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Evidenced Based Medicine and the EMR Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidenced Based Medicine and the EMR - Article Example Clancy (2013) points to the pharmaceutical drug approval process used in the West as one of the best examples of EBM utilized successfully. Although she makes a valid point of saying that increased direct healthcare spending makes very little impact, the monies spent on research and innovations such as Information Technology. With the average of over ten thousand medical studies at any one time in the US alone, the â€Å"evidence† part of EBM is growing sufficiently enough to make a difference. Even though it could be argued the US Government has a somewhat prejudiced attitude toward Health Information Technology (HIT), the NIH (2013) gives a refreshingly critical work on EBM. Of course, it highlights the strides the Department of Veterans’ Affairs in combining EBM and HIT. Yet the article states that HIT could be more successful if the VA had kept better clinical statistics concerning those research criteria such as smoking, cancer and patient obesity. Therefore, the answer concerning facilitation is that HIT and EBM should go hand in hand, especially considering the new technology available. The case of the forty five year old man with the prostate condition gives a very good scenario as to just how confusing the information technology and EHR system can actually be. The person himself would only visit three separate areas of the massive hospital complex (assumed to be admissions, the surgery suite, his room, and discharge and financials area). Yet his records would travel to an astonishing four different places, not including the test results, which travel to still another three places. The IT system seems to be efficient enough but one can quickly see how EHR is a big improvement over paper patient records, which have the chance of being misplaced in each of the different stops along the way. For instance, the

Uprising of Syria Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Uprising of Syria - Research Paper Example The questions, which arise from the crisis in Syria, are the nature of the Syrian conflicts, the relationship between a civil war and a revolution and whether the crisis in Syria overshadows a revolution (hill). Nature of conflicts in Syria The crisis in Syria cannot be classified as purely sectarian as the international and the local media try to classify it. This classification of the Syrian conflicts as sectarian is as a result of the failure of the media personalities to understand Syrians or generally Arabs in other terms, which do not identify them as sectarian. A sectarian conflict can only be described as one that lies outside a country's history and does not depend on any social and economic factors. Sectarian conflicts are often referred to as religious conflicts and are static. The Syrian situation is similar to the case of Spanish civil war, Yemen civil war and the revolution that occurred in Libya. The main cause of the Syrian civil war is as a result of the uprising of the Syrian citizens against a class of individuals whose main goal is to enslave others. According to McMahon in his article on crisis in Syria, he describes the cause of the continued crisis is mainly as a result of disunity among different religious and ethnic group. This makes it more difficult to find a concrete solution to these crises (Macmahon). US president is quoted in solidarity magazine saying, â€Å"The crisis in Syria should be solved through a meditation led by international community†. This implies that international communities like the United Nations should initiate the process of mediation in order to find long term solutions to the...Moghadam in her article on Syria crisis and prospects quotes the UN secretary general saying, â€Å"We need to come up with an immediate solution to these uprisings†. On this has seen some of the nations like the United States of America and Britain argue that it is crucial to intervene in the crisis in Syria, while othe r nations like Russia and France arguing otherwise (Moghadam). The Syrian uprising has attracted attention from every nation across the world given the fact that Syria was once considered as the most peaceful and stable Arab country in the world. Different leaders across the world have varying opinions on the crisis in Syria. Some view it as a civil war while others view it as a revolution which involves political forces. The Syrian crisis should so far be classified as civil war since the government is fighting against a well organized rebel gang â€Å"Sunnis† which was possibly established during the initial uprisings. Most revolutions bare some aspects of civil war; however some aspects of civil war cannot be overlooked during a civil war as in the case of the Syrian revolution which has turned out to be a civil war. In conclusion, the crises in Syria originate mainly from the internal factors and forces. The major internal cause of the crisis is the government of Syria, which triggered the initial demonstration through infringing the rights of its citizen.

Managerial Accounting Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Accounting Practices - Essay Example financial reports focus on what has happened in the past – whereas what you are looking for is improvement – improvement in all sectors (manufacturing, sales, accounting, customer relations) at present and in future. Inventory is a necessary current asset that represents a significant investment at any given time. Just-In-Time represents a new paradigm of business strategy shifting from traditional inventory management to web-based supply chain management that increases inventory turnover and reduces inventory holding. JIT is an ideal for repetitive manufacturing processes (like Claire’s Antiques) in which the same products and components are produced over and over again.1 profitability†.2 With the objective of producing the right quantity of products in the right place at the right time, JIT perfectly blends the fundamentals of minimizing cost and maximizing profits – these fundamentals, Man (Labor), Material and Machines (Equipment) are often called the 3Ms of manufacturing and inventory operations. JIT (also known as ‘lean production’ or ‘stockless production’)3 produces the following benefits. You will note that most, if not all of them are lacking in Claire’s Antiques organization at this moment. Inventory levels at all levels are reduced, inventory investment is minimized by having only work-in-process (WIP) inventory with no need for safety stocks(2); inventory turnover rate (velocity) is increased. There is a balanced flow of materials throughout the entire production process, as underutilized (excess) capacity is used instead of buffer inventories. This has been a major problem of the present bedroom furniture line of Claire’s Antiques. Product quality is improved by focusing on zero-defect production processes. JIT involves utilization of more productive equipment and disposition of less productive equipment. Faulty production methods that create products requiring subsequent rework are identified and eliminated. The data that

Simple pendulum experiment Essay Example for Free

Simple pendulum experiment Essay A string measured to be over 1 meter, so as when its length was being adjusted there was enough string to pull on from between the wooden blocks, was tied to a bob. The end of the string was then placed between two wooden blocks and adjusted so that the length of the pendulum was 1 meter. The wood blocks were then placed in the clamp and the grip was tightened. The pendulum suspension was made sure to be friction-free so that the wood blocks could provide a point of suspension for the string. The angle at which the pendulum is drawn out to should be small. The smaller the angle, the closer the harmonic motion it will behave because the restoring force is acting tangent to the arc the pendulum moves through instead of being outside of it. The time taken for 20 oscillations with the length of the pendulum being 1 meter was recorded but was also repeated for accuracy. The two times were averaged and the result was divided by 20 so as to find the time for one oscillation which was then squared. The length of the pendulum was decreased by 0. 1 m each time. The pendulum should swing freely without hitting anything. A table was drawn to record the results and from this a graph was plot. Results: Table showing the time taken for 20 oscillations for each length. Time for 20 oscillations l/m t1/s t2/s AverageGradient = g g= gradient   g = 0. 24ms-2   39. 48 = 9. 79 ms-2 Conclusion: Using a simple pendulum, the acceleration due to gravity was concluded to be 9. 79 ms-2.

Effects of Parental Relationships on Children as Evidenced by Shakespea

Effects of Parental Relationships on Children as Evidenced by Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Families are the essential building blocks of the relationships we form in the later years of our lives. If we are given unconditional love by those we hold most dear, we learn to trust in others and their love for us. However, if we do not receive the appropriate attention, we may grow to believe that we are incapable of either being loved or loving others. These kinds of proceedings in a household may lead a child to a lifetime of troubling consequences. Just as important as the relationship they hold with us is the relationship between the mother and father that we grow up observing. Parents should maintain a healthy relationship in order to prevent their children from forming a skewed image of love and trust. After Hamlet’s experience with his mother’s incestuous remarriage to Claudius, he no longer sees love as a pleasant sentiment. Gertrude exclaims the exact basis of her son’s apparent madness when, in response to Claudius’s proclamation that Polonius knows the origin, she exclaims â€Å"I doubt it is no other but the main, / His father’s death and o†erhasty marriage.† (II. ii. 59-60). This swift and incestuous marriage suggests to Hamlet â€Å"the impermanence of human affection as well as of life, and it also, less obviously, compels him to think of the violation of the union which gave him his own life and being.† (Scott 110). He learns from this occurance that love is nothing but a fleeting emotion, with no meaning to it. This attitude towards love spills over into his treatment of Ophelia. Hamlet’s exclamation of â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman!† (I. ii. 152) applies in his mind, not only to Gertrude, but now al so to Ophelia. ... ... in others after forming a firm sense of one’s own identity, saying, â€Å"It is only when identity formation is well on its way that true intimacy â€Å" which is really a counterpointing as well as a fusing of identities â€Å" is possible.† (Staal 27). Although not all cases of divorce may end in this fashion, more than likely, most will. It is a difficult experience for children to adjust to and compensate for in their behavior. The same is true of Hamlet in respect to Gertrude’s rapid remarriage to the murderer of her recently departed husband. Her actions have an effect on her son’s way of thinking and ultimately, acting throughout the play. Love and trust are the two most difficult emotions for children in these situations to rebuild after a complicated experience. Therefore, to protect their children, parents should always maintain a healthy, cordial relationship.   

Personal Space and the Impact of Eye Contact Essay

As being a very important part of the human’s behavior, Personal Space and eye contact attracted a lot of scientists and research institutions. As Jeff Hughes and Morton Goldman (1978) have shown that how variations in eye contact and of experimental confederate affected the violation of personal space. Different people have different definitions to the term ‘Personal Space’. Personal Space may be denned as the area individuals maintain around themselves into which others cannot intrude without arousing discomfort (Hayduk, 1978). Personal Space is often described as a bubble of space surrounding a person. Buchanan, Goldman & Juhnke (1977) defines Personal Space as ‘a physical space surrounding an individual which, when intruded upon, generates an observable reaction of discomfort or flight’. The first factor to be considered that influences a person’s personal space is body position. Whether a person is sitting down or standing up can greatly affect their personal space. Hartnett, Bailey and Hartley (1974) claims that â€Å"for both the short and tall Os, the subjects were approached closer in the sitting position. From a territorial point of view, it could be that people believed that they are not really invading the personal space of others when they were in a position that seemed less threatening, which is sitting. The second factor to be considered that affects personal space is physical disability. Wright (1983) suggests that bad attitudes and perceptions about people with physical disabilities are highly retentive, and cannot be easily removed or changed. Kleck (1968) has also confirmed that people tend to give more personal space in social interactions to people with physical disabilities as compared to people without physical disabilities. A variable that has not been frequently manipulated in personal space research is eye contact. As seen in field experiments conducted by Buchanan, et al. (1977), males generally prefer to violate the personal space of another male who did not offer much eye contact, rather than another male who offered direct eye contact. Another experiment conducted by him shows that â€Å"female subjects preferred to violate the personal space of a female confederate who established eye contact with them†. It is also seen that females tend to avoid invading the personal space of males who had direct eye contact with them. However, females would rather violate the personal space of a male who are smiling at them and gazed directly at them, as compared to a male who had their backs turned. And according to Argyle and Dean, the eye contact is significantly reduced as proximity is increased and their finding that eye contact unpleasant or is to be avoided as proximity increase suggests that variations in the way a person gazes at others could affect intrusions into that person’s personal space. From these readings, it is expected that when two people approach each other with eye contact, the personal space between them will be bigger than without eye contact.